The way we socially construct sex and gender has consequences for access to resources. Before these times, women had been considered to be naturally different but then they realized that it was only an artificial construction. The goal of the first women's movement was suffrage (19th amendment, and 1920) and the goal of the second was women's rights (the problem that has no name).

The line has shifted over time because of various movements, like the women's movements, and because of shifting roles. Artificial is something socially constructed, like shaving. Cross-time variation in gender concepts (brain size & ability, women naturally unrational, expectations of women, etc) What is meant by the 'natural' and 'artificial' when it comes to sex and gender? Why might the line between the two shift over time? What were the goals of the two waves of the women's movements and how do these relate to the concepts of the natural and artificial? Natural is something that is simply given, like hair. Cross-culture variation in gender concepts (no universal definition of sexes, male women, female men, hirjas) 4. Unclear boundaries between sexes (biological continuum, intersex categories) 3. Misconception of physical cues (jack in the box) 2. List and describe, with examples, the four limits of the dimorphic model of sex. Perception of sex remains fairly constant while perceptions of gender have changed over time. Gender is social and cultural significance we attach to those presumed biological differences, differences are not essential or inevitable, socialization is significant. Sex is the biological differences between males and females (cellular, hormonal, and anatomical differences). What is the difference between the two? What role does perception play in the definition of each? What are the consequences of perception when it comes to sex and gender? Be sure to provide examples. Define, with examples, both sex and gender.

Fussell on class